![]() Also comes in a fetching silvery-white and an ‘Eco’ model which includes rechargeable batteries. Perfect for: Beginners, The Home Guitarist, Children, In The Studio, and Tutors. The Grip is stronger than the competitors in this market yet has rubber pads to protect the headstock of your guitar. Uses the flat 3v CR2032 instead of the bulky standard 1.5 v batteries. The Kliq Uber Tuner has five different tuning types for chromatic, guitar, bass, violin, and uke, and adjustable pitch calibration from 430-450 Hz. Since the tuner detects the pitches directly from your instruments’ vibrations, ambient room noise will never get in the way. The large screen can be positioned in any direction you like and visible in dark gig scenarios (so no more squinting). It has a simple ‘In Tune’ feature on the screen when you reach the correct pitch. The large LED screen responds quickly with the string being plucked. ![]() The Kliq Uber guitar tuner looks like just about every other clip on the market, but it’s not. Pros: Large Clear Bright Display, ‘In Tune’ Circle, Tunes Additional Instruments, Quick Visual Note Indicator.Comes in Pedal Tuner and Clip On Tuner form. Polyphonic: These allow you to tune all 6 strings at once rather than the conventional, one string at a time. Again, the needle is a strobe type with lovely flashing colors. For gigging guitarists and sound engineers. The pitch is measured via the signal coming through the cable. Pedal Tuners: Generally powered by a 9v power supply and plugged into your guitar with a jack. Great for acoustic guitar players giving quick and easy use. Measures the pitch and has an onboard strobe dial. It detects the pitch from each individual string from the vibration. Once you’ve clipped the tuner on the guitar headstock you can start to tune. Some guitar tuners have a built-in metronome, this is great for improving your timing in various styles of music.Ĭlip On Tuners: Clip on tuners have a built-in microphone. You can also tune instruments other than a guitar. It’s good for players who like to explore other avenues. This allows you to tune to alternative guitar tunings. Costs less than the others for this reason.Ĭhromatic: Will show tuning accuracy relative to the nearest semitone. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.Non Chromatic: Designed to tune a guitar in the conventional EADGBE. © 2020 Editorial Office of Asian Journal of Urology. Imaging Kidney access Preoperative planning Staghorn stone. This entity should be managed aggressively with planning ahead for surgery using the different tools available as the cornerstone for a successful outcome. Staghorn stones may lead to deterioration of renal function and life-threatening urosepsis. Conservative management of staghorn calculi is an undesired option, but can be an alternative for a carefully selected group of high-risk patients. There is a growing trend of endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery (ECIRS) in concordance with PCNL to treat larger stones. Lower pole access can be equally effective as upper pole when planning for staghorn and complex stones, with significantly less complications rate Stone-Tract length-Obstruction-Number of involved calyces-Essence of stone density (STONE) nephrolithometry seems to be the best system to predict outcomes of PCNL in staghorn cases. Staghorn morphometry-based prediction algorithms may predict the number of tract(s) and stage(s) for PCNL monotherapy. New technologies to improve kidney access such as Uro Dyna-CT or electromagnetic sensor have been reported, but have not shown utilization in staghorn cases. Wideband doppler ultrasound and real-time virtual sonography can assist. Ultrasound guided percutaneous access may be considered for staghorn stones when planning upper pole access in kidney malposition or complex intrarenal anatomy or with complex body habitus. Non-contrast computerized tomography (NCCT) is indeed the standard imaging tool for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) additional tools such as three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) reconstruction of the staghorn calculus may help plan access in complex cases. We conducted a PubMed search of publications in the past 2 decades that include relevant information on the planning for management of staghorn stones. In this review we looked for the most relevant data on preoperative imaging and access planning to help decision making for percutaneous surgery with this complex condition. Treatment is associated with lower stone-free rates and higher complication rates compared to non-staghorn stones. Staghorn calculi present a particular and challenging entity of stone morphology.
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